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Adult DBT Therapy in Louisville, KY
About DBT
Acceptance and change
At the core of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is the balance between acceptance and change. DBT teaches individuals how to acknowledge and accept their thoughts, emotions, experiences, and circumstances while developing the skills needed to change ineffective behaviors and improve their quality of life.
“Dialectical” means two opposing things being true at once. In DBT, the dialectics are Acceptance and Change. DBT focuses on helping people accept the reality of their lives and behaviors AND helping them learn to change their lives and their unhealthy behaviors.
The goal is to move from “either/or” to “both/and.”
Skills
Four DBT Skills for Managing Emotions and Relationships
Mindfulness
Teaches clients to live ‘here and now’ and not stay in the past or worry about the future.
Emotion Regulation
Teaches clients how to detect and reflect a person’s emotions without judgment and determine what role those emotions play in our bodies and minds.
Distress Tolerance
Teaches clients how to tolerate strong emotions that usually send the person into a whirlwind of emotions and thoughts, often leading to destructive behaviors.
Interpersonal Effectiveness
Teaches clients to ask for what they need from themselves and others while keeping calm if things don’t go as desired.
Treatment
Comprehensive DBT has four components
1
Individual therapy
2
DBT skills group
3
Phone coaching
4
Therapist consultation
*If the treatment has 1–3 of these components, it is considered DBT-informed.
History
Origins of DBT
Who it helps
Who can benefit from DBT?
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Self-harm
Suicidal behavior
Substance use disorder
Anxiety
Disordered eating
Depression
DBT has proved effective for these conditions because each is thought to be associated with unhealthy or problematic efforts to control intense, negative emotions. Rather than depending on efforts that cause problems for the person, DBT helps people learn healthier ways to cope.
Borderline personality disorder
DBT for Borderline Personality Disorder
- Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, whether the abandonment is real or imagined
- Unstable and intense relationships, alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
- Difficulties with identity, such as a quickly changing self-image or sense of self
- Impulsivity in at least two potentially self-damaging areas (e.g., spending, sex, substance use, reckless driving, binge-eating)
- Recurrent suicidal thoughts, suicidal behaviors, or self-harm
- Emotional instability and quick-changing moods, usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Extreme anger or difficulty controlling anger
- Stress-related paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms
Five areas of dysregulation
1
Emotion
2
Interpersonal
3
Self
4
Behavioral
5
Cognitive
Common thoughts and behaviors
- Black-and-white thinking, called splitting: people or situations are either good or bad, with no in-between
- Thinking friends or partners will leave you, so you must reject them first
- Getting very frustrated with others
- Changing jobs, goals, plans and hobbies often
- Quitting before failing
- Feeling no one can understand you
- Having thoughts of self-harm or suicide
Having BPD is usually associated with instability in relationships, self-image and emotions. Often, this instability stems from a fear of abandonment. Through the skills learned in DBT, individuals can learn to better control all of these areas by taking a step back, being more mindful, analyzing what works, and acquiring new behaviors.
Comprehensive DBT is the gold-standard treatment for BPD.
Neurodivergent clients
DBT with autistic individuals
Further reading
References
- Belcher, H. (2022). Taking off the mask: Practical exercises to help understand and minimize the effects of autistic camouflaging. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Bemmouna, D., Coutelle, R., Weibel, S. et al. (2022). Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for autistic adults without intellectual disability: A mixed methods study. J Autism Dev Disord 52, 4337–4354. doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05317-w
- Chapman, A. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2007). The borderline personality disorder survival guide: Everything you need to know about living with BPD.
- Cheney, L., Dudas, R. B., Traynor, J. M., Beatson, J. A., Rao, S., Choi-Kain, L. W. (2023). Co-occurring autism spectrum and borderline personality disorder: An emerging clinical challenge seeking informed interventions. Harv Rev Psychiatry 31(2), 83–91. PMC9997622
- Chabrol, H., Raynal, P. (2018). The co-occurrence of autistic traits and borderline personality disorder traits is associated to increased suicidal ideation in nonclinical young adults. Compr Psychiatry 82, 141–143. PMID 29486417
- Dudas, R. B., Lovejoy, C., Cassidy, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). The overlap between autistic spectrum conditions and borderline personality disorder. PLoS ONE 12(9), e0184447. PMID 28886113
- Huntjens, A., van den Bosch, L. M. C. W., Sizoo, B. et al. (2020). The effect of dialectical behaviour therapy in autism spectrum patients with suicidality and/or self-destructive behaviour (DIASS): Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 20, 127. doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02531-1
- Ritschel, L., Guy, L., & Maddox, B. (2022). A pilot study of dialectical behaviour therapy skills training for autistic adults. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 50(2), 187–202.
- Vegni, N., D’Ardia, C., Torregiani, G. (2021). Empathy, mentalization, and theory of mind in borderline personality disorder: Possible overlap with autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychol 12, 626353. PMC7909009